logging: Fix log filter during initialization

The log filter was being ignored on initialization due to the logging instance being initialized before the config instance, so the log filter was set to its default value.

This fixes that oversight, along with using descriptive exceptions instead of abort() calls.

src/citra_qt/main.cpp

@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ static QString PrettyProductName() {
 GMainWindow::GMainWindow(Core::System& system_)
     : ui{std::make_unique<Ui::MainWindow>()}, system{system_}, movie{Core::Movie::GetInstance()},
       config{std::make_unique<Config>()}, emu_thread{nullptr} {
+    Common::Log::Initialize();
     Debugger::ToggleConsole();
     Settings::LogSettings();
 
@@ -2853,7 +2854,6 @@ static Qt::HighDpiScaleFactorRoundingPolicy GetHighDpiRoundingPolicy() {
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
-    Common::Log::Initialize();
     Common::DetachedTasks detached_tasks;
     MicroProfileOnThreadCreate("Frontend");
     SCOPE_EXIT({ MicroProfileShutdown(); });